Use level
3.0–6.0%, depending on oil polarity and formulation balance.
Recommended oil phase
20–30% for the best balance of stability and processability; Higher oil phase levels can be incorporated, with a progressive reduction in viscosity; in these systems, a rheological stabilizer for the external oil phase is required.
Oil compatibility
Suitable for medium- to high-polarity oils, such as esters and triglycerides. Lower-polarity emollients, including alkanes and ethers, can also be used, provided that suitable stabilizers are included when they represent the entire oil phase.
Aqueous phase
1.0% Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate recommended for emulsion stability. 2.0–5.0% polyols, such as glycerin, recommended. For systems with high water content (e.g. around 70%), the addition of a low level of rheology modifier in the aqueous phase is recommended to help prevent water separation.
Processing
Can be processed by standard hot emulsification; cold processing may require additional stabilization. In cold-processed systems, external phase stabilizier (such as Zinc Stearate, dispersed in the oil phase), can help improve stability.