Recommended oil phase
Ideally between 20–30% for optimal stability and processability. Higher oil phase levels can be incorporated, with a progressive reduction in viscosity; in such systems, the use of a rheological stabilizer for the external oil phase may be required to maintain adequate structure and ensure emulsion stability.
Oil compatibility
Best compatibility with medium to high-polarity oils, such as esters and triglycerides. Lower-polarity emollients, including alkanes and ethers, can also be used, provided suitable stabilizers are included when they represent the entire oil phase (e.g. Hydrogenated Castor Oil, metallic stearates, organoclay gels).
Aqueous phase
1.0% Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate recommended as stabilizing electrolyte. 2.0–5.0% polyols, such as glycerin, recommended. For high water content systems (e.g. ~70%), the addition of a low level of rheology modifier in the aqueous phase is advised to help prevent water separation (e.g. 0.2–0.3% xanthan gum).
Processing
Suitable for standard hot emulsification; cold processing may require additional stabilization, such as the use of an external phase stabilizer (e.g. Zinc Stearate, dispersed in the oil phase).